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|national_anthem = ''Negaraku'' |capital = Kuala Lumpur |latd = 3 |latm = 08 |latNS = N |longd = 101 |longm = 42 |longEW = E |largest_city = capital |official_languages = Bahasa Malaysia (and English in Sarawak)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sarawak makes English official language along with BM )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sarawak to recognise English as official language besides Bahasa Malaysia )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sarawak adopts English as official language )〕 |languages_type = Official script |languages = Malay (Latin) alphabet |languages_sub = yes |languages2_type = Recognised languages |languages2 = English |languages2_sub = yes |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = |religion = Sunni Islam (official) |demonym = Malaysian〔 |government_type = , Elective monarchy |leader_title1 = Yang di-Pertuan Agong |leader_name1 = Abdul Halim |leader_title2 = Prime Minister |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = Deputy Prime Minister |leader_name3 = |legislature = Parliament |upper_house = ''Dewan Negara'' |lower_house = ''Dewan Rakyat'' |sovereignty_type = Independence |sovereignty_note = from the United Kingdom |established_event1 = Independence of the Federation of Malaya |established_date1 = 31 August 1957 |established_event2 = Self-government of Singapore |established_date2 = 3 June 1959 |established_event3 = Self-government of Sarawak |established_date3 = 22 July 1963 |established_event4 = Self-government of North Borneo |established_date4 = 31 August 1963〔 |established_event5 = |established_date5 = 16 September 1963 |established_event6 = Separation of Singapore |established_date6 = 9 August 1965 |area_rank = 67th |area_magnitude = 1_E+11 |area_km2 = 329,847 |area_sq_mi = 127,355 |percent_water = 0.3 |population_estimate = 000}}〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Malaysia Population Clock )〕 |population_estimate_year = |population_estimate_rank = 43nd |population_census_year = 2010 |population_census = 28,334,135〔 |population_density_km2 = 92 |population_density_sq_mi = 237 |population_density_rank = 116th |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP = |GDP_PPP_rank =28th |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $25,833〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =42nd |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal = |GDP_nominal_rank =35th |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $12,127〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =65th |Gini_year = 2009 |Gini_change = increase |Gini = 46.2 |Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 |Gini_rank = 36th |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.773 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 62nd |currency = Ringgit (RM) |currency_code = MYR |date_format = dd-mm-yyyy |time_zone = MST |utc_offset = +8 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +8 |drives_on = left |calling_code = +60 |ISO_3166-1_alpha2 = MY |ISO_3166-1_alpha3 = MYS |ISO_3166-1_numeric = 458 |sport_code = IOC/FIFA: MAS ISO: MYS |vehicle_code = MAL |cctld = .my }} Malaysia ( or ) () also known as the Malaysian Federation or Federation of Malaysia, is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo). Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. By 2015, with a population of over 30 million, Malaysia became the 43rd most populous country in the world. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia, located in the tropics. It is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth, with large numbers of endemic species. Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire. The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963. Less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. The country is multi-ethnic and multi-cultural, which plays a large role in politics. The constitution declares Islam the state religion while allowing freedom of religion for non-Muslims. The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster parliamentary system and the legal system is based on common law. The head of state is the king, known as the ''Yang di-Pertuan Agong''. He is an elected monarch chosen from the hereditary rulers of the nine Malay states every five years. The head of government is the prime minister. Since its independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with its GDP growing at an average of 6.5% per annum for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism. Today, Malaysia has a newly industrialised market economy, ranked third largest in Southeast Asia and 29th largest in the world. It is a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the East Asia Summit and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and a member of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the Non-Aligned Movement. ==Etymology== (詳細はMalay may derive from the Tamil words "''malai''" and "''ur''" meaning "mountain" and "city, land", respectively. "''Malayadvipa''" was the word used by ancient Indian traders when referring to the Malay Peninsula. Whether or not it originated from these roots, the word "''melayu''" or "''mlayu''" may have been used in early Malay/Javanese to mean to steadily accelerate or run. This term was applied to describe the strong current of the river Melayu in Sumatra. The name was later adopted by the Melayu Kingdom that existed in the seventh century on Sumatra. Before the onset of European colonisation, the Malay Peninsula was known natively as "''Tanah Melayu''" ("Malay Land"). Under a racial classification created by a German scholar Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, the natives of maritime Southeast Asia were grouped into a single category, the Malay race. Following the expedition of French navigator Jules Dumont d'Urville to Oceania in 1826, he later proposed the terms of "Malaysia", "Micronesia" and "Melanesia" to the ''Société de Géographie'' in 1831, distinguishing these Pacific cultures and island groups from the existing term "Polynesia". Dumont d'Urville described Malaysia as "an area commonly known as the East Indies". In 1850, the English ethnologist George Samuel Windsor Earl, writing in the ''Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia'', proposed naming the islands of Southeast Asia as "Melayunesia" or "Indunesia", favouring the former. In modern terminology, "Malay" remains the name of an ethnoreligious group of Austronesian people predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula and portions of the adjacent islands of Southeast Asia, including the east coast of Sumatra, the coast of Borneo, and smaller islands that lie between these areas.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Malay )〕 The state that gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1957 took the name the "Federation of Malaya", chosen in preference to other potential names such as "Langkasuka", after the historic kingdom located at the upper section of the Malay Peninsula in the first millennium CE. The name "Malaysia" was adopted in 1963 when the existing states of the Federation of Malaya, plus Singapore, North Borneo and Sarawak formed a new federation.〔 One theory posits the name was chosen so that "si" represented the inclusion of Singapore, North Borneo, and Sarawak to Malaya in 1963.〔 Politicians in the Philippines contemplated renaming their state "Malaysia" before the modern country took the name. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Malaysia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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